Technical guides to filesystems: ext4, NTFS, APFS, ZFS, and FAT — how each stores data, handles crashes, and which one to choose when formatting a drive.
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What Filesystems Does
A technical explainer on filesystems — ext4, NTFS, APFS, ZFS — how they store data, how they fail, and which one to format a drive with.
Inodes, journals, and allocation, drawn out step by step.
ext4 vs NTFS vs APFS vs exFAT, by actual use case.
What journaling saves in a power cut — and what it can't.
How ZFS and Btrfs make copies nearly for free.
Block sizes, mount options, and honest benchmarks.
What's actually recoverable after a delete or a format.
How Filesystems Works
Inodes, extents, journals, and B-trees — the building blocks, illustrated.
See how ext4, NTFS, APFS, ZFS, and FAT make different trade-offs.
Pick the right filesystem for each drive and workload, with reasons.
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exFAT is the common choice both systems read and write natively; we cover its trade-offs against NTFS-with-drivers and APFS.
It protects filesystem consistency after a crash — the structure, not necessarily the last unwritten data. The distinction matters and we explain it.
Sometimes: deletion usually unlinks data rather than erasing it, but SSD TRIM and encryption change the odds. Stop writing to the drive first.
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